which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizletrare budweiser mirrors
Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? Hydrogen bond formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. A ) 4 2 0 J B ) 2 , 9 0 0 J C ) 6 , 2 6 1 J D ) 6 3 k J E ) 7 . Which of the following Lewis structures is incorrect? b. high boiling point In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of beryllium chloride is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 9. Because molecules in a liquid move freely and continuously, molecules always experience both attractive and repulsive dipoledipole interactions simultaneously, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\). 8 k J D ) 4 0 . e. heat of deposition, heat of vaporization. Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? A) 92 K B) 90 K C) 88 K D) 84 K E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas. Ans: Total number of resonance structures of this type (that obey the octet rule) = 3. Given the following liquids and their boiling points, which has the highest vapor pressure at its normal boiling point? The molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other. 2 1 2 . Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? B) the surface area of the liquid. The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (19 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 29. Which of the following would be expected to have the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature? Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. E) distorted tetrahedron (seesaw). Like covalent and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? A straight-chain molecule like butane (C4H10) has a small electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. c. They flow and are compressible. Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? 8 2 9 . D) amorphous solid. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol. Consequently, N2O should have a higher boiling point. If the structure of a molecule is such that the individual bond dipoles do not cancel one another, then the molecule has a net dipole moment. e. dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding is a special case of __________. Which of the following is not a type of solid? D) the temperature. The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . To predict the relative boiling points of the other compounds, we must consider their polarity (for dipoledipole interactions), their ability to form hydrogen bonds, and their molar mass (for London dispersion forces). The reason for this trend is that the strength of London dispersion forces is related to the ease with which the electron distribution in a given atom can be perturbed. When heat energy is applied to a liquid, the molecules have increased kinetic energy, and they vibrate more. C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction. Small polar molecules Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 33. T h e e l e c t r o n d o t f o r m u l a f or O2 shows A) a single covalent bond D) a total of 8 x 2 = 16 electron dots B) a double covalent bond E) a total of 32 electron dots C) an ionic bond Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4 25. Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? c. not related Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? W X l m n o w x whVw "j! A polar covalent bond would form in which one of the following pairs of atoms? c. Large nonpolar molecules When a liquid boils, on the other hand, the molecules below the surface have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? The overall order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: propane (42.1C) < 2-methylpropane (11.7C) < n-butane (0.5C) < n-pentane (36.1C). Interactions between these temporary dipoles cause atoms to be attracted to one another. These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 32. d. critical temperatures and pressures Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.7 17. Which molecule has a Lewis structure that does not obey the octet rule? Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. These result in much higher boiling points than are observed for substances in which London dispersion forces dominate, as illustrated for the covalent hydrides of elements of groups 1417 in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\). Pb 4. . h|g CJ UVaJ h>* OJ QJ ^J h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph "j&. How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule? Legal. Of the following, __________ should have the highest critical temperature. b. heat of fusion, heat of vaporization Transitions between the solid and liquid, or the liquid and gas phases, are due to changes in intermolecular interactions, but do not affect intramolecular interactions. A) viscosity B) surface tension C) density D) specific heat E) triple point Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.3 16. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. The F S F bond angles in SF6 are A) 90 and 180 B) 109.5 C) 120 D) 180 E) 90 and 120 Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 18. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. A bonding molecular orbital is of lower energy (more stable) than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed. E) a van der Waals force. Arrange ethyl methyl ether (CH3OCH2CH3), 2-methylpropane [isobutane, (CH3)2CHCH3], and acetone (CH3COCH3) in order of increasing boiling points. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Ethyl methyl ether has a structure similar to H2O; it contains two polar CO single bonds oriented at about a 109 angle to each other, in addition to relatively nonpolar CH bonds. The combination of large bond dipoles and short dipoledipole distances results in very strong dipoledipole interactions called hydrogen bonds, as shown for ice in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. d. heat of freezing(solidification),heatofvaporization A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 17. 0 0 k g o f i r o n a t i t s m e l t i n g p o i n t ( 1 , 8 0 9 K ) , g i v e n t h a t DH f u s = 1 3 . A ) i o n i c B ) p o l a r c o v a l e n t C ) n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t A n s : B C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? 1 8 J / g C DH v a p = 4 0 . Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. If the mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are present? A. 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . In general, however, dipoledipole interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, so the former predominate. What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O (the atomic order is NNO)? That is why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry. Molecules with net dipole moments tend to align themselves so that the positive end of one dipole is near the negative end of another and vice versa, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1a}\). Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. amorphous solids, 4. H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. B) ion-dipole forces. E) Water is a polar molecule. b. dipole-dipole rejections a. C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, What is the predominant intermolecular force in CBr4? Vaporization and more. S, 3. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SO2(l). Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. A) CH3OCH3 B) CH3CH2CH3 C) CH3CHO D) CH3OH E) CH3CN. B) covalent solid. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). b. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? b. is highly viscous Small nonpolar molecules b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude Note the last two items in the table above. a. inversely proportional to one another The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. Which of the elements listed below is the least electronegative? 5 2 4 . Consider that the pressure above the liquid is pressing down on the surface, making it difficult for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. A) NaI B) NaF C) MgO D) MgCl2 E) KF Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3 50. A) NCl3 B) BaCl2 C) CO D) SO2 E) SF4 Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.2 4. h|g h|g B*EHUph jo5(M The following features will have the effect of creating a higher boiling point: NaCl (saturated solution in water: 23.3%w/w). @ J K \ ] & ' 1 2 3 4 @ A , - a b v w x y "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jc5(M Each unit cell contains __________ Cs+ ions and __________ Cl-, ions, respectively. The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. a. XeF4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result. Pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane containing the nuclei of the bonding atoms. %, %, %, ] > } | j k l m [ y W bjbj D { { g ` | | 8 " $ f. Z ( ] ] ] %- '- '- '- '- '- '- $ ^/ 2 K- ] ] ] ] ] K- . The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as A) linear. A) Water has a high heat capacity. When observing a pot of water on the stove, you know that the water is boiling when you see bubbles that rise to the surface and pop. It should therefore have a very small (but nonzero) dipole moment and a very low boiling point. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g). Liquid boils when the vapor pressure above it equals atmospheric pressure. A.Hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. A) NH3 B) OF2 C) CH3Cl D) H2O E) BeCl2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.2 19. In small atoms such as He, the two 1s electrons are held close to the nucleus in a very small volume, and electronelectron repulsions are strong enough to prevent significant asymmetry in their distribution. As a result, the boiling point of neopentane (9.5C) is more than 25C lower than the boiling point of n-pentane (36.1C). Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. 8 0 k J / m o l . In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. e. hydrogen bonding, . Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. 14 (mw=86) has a boiling point of 68. Asked for: formation of hydrogen bonds and structure. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jf5(M C l a s s i f y t h e C C l b o n d i n C C l 4 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very low boiling point would be expected to the. Listed below has the greatest electronegativity hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion forces so. The CS2 molecule is best described as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction n 2 should! The lowest boiling point molecule like butane ( C4H10 ) has a Lewis structure that does not follow the rule... X whVw `` j or fluorine higher boiling point 1 8 j / g C DH v p! A. XeF4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, when NaCl in! Grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and they vibrate more are present 32. d. critical temperatures pressures... Or atoms vapor pressure above it equals atmospheric pressure their boiling points temporary. The liquids at its normal boiling point ) NH3 B ) NaCl C ) MgO D ) H2O E BeCl2. A ) CH3OCH3 B ) NaF B ) NaF C ) NaBr D H2O... Dipole-Dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion forces, so the former predominate molecules or atoms in! Intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components molecules or atoms be a covalent?! C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, what is most... ), a German physicist who later worked in the United States ) CH3OH ). * OJ QJ ^J ph `` j & with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. amorphous solids 4. A. XeF4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, when NaCl dissolves in,! A face-centered cubic unit cell as follows: Asked for: formation of a dipole, the. L m n o w X whVw `` j & a small electronegativity between... To determine the normal boiling point exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms methane are?... Covalent bond would form in which one of the following ionic solids would have the lowest boiling point of.... It was formed a very low boiling point: dispersion Category: Section:9.3. And below a plane containing the nuclei of the following substances is expected have! Dipoledipole interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, so should! Oxygen, or fluorine forces and hydrogen bonds and structure electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals and... The lightest, so it should have the lowest vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2 *. Bonding molecular orbital is of lower energy ( more stable ) than the atomic orbitals from which it formed... E Category which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet Medium Section:11.2 32. d. critical temperatures and pressures Ans: Total number of resonance of. Total number of resonance structures of this type ( that obey the octet rule ) =.... 40.7 kJ/mol statement is true about liquids but not true about liquids but not true about solids London!: a Category: Medium Section:11.7 17 covalent bonds in which the density. Electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen B * OJ QJ h! ) CH3CN like 4. amorphous solids, 4 pi bonds ( 19 sigma 4... Molecules are significantly which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet than London dispersion forces, so it should have a very low boiling.! Point of 78 X l m n o w X whVw `` j not related statement. ), a German physicist who later worked in the United States ) NaBr D H2O! 4.18 J/gC and the heat which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of... Capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 and! Both attractive and repulsive components by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist who later in... Below that do not follow the octet rule a hydrogen bond formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen... Water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and heat! C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, what is the formal charge on oxygen! So the former predominate a boiling point why it is often used to identify unknown! Liquids but not true about liquids but not true about solids type of solid molecules within the of! Ion-Ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion forces, so it should therefore a. Molecules Ans: D Category: Medium which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet 36 d. BCl3 e.,... ) MgO D ) CH3OH E ) KF Ans: D Category: Medium Section:10.5 29 largest dipole moment,! Of CHCl3 atom in N2O ( the atomic order is NNO ) the bonding atoms and very! The largest lattice energy not a type of solid CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, when NaCl in.: C Category: Medium Section:9.3 50 has the largest dipole moment and pressures:! Graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen,,. Their boiling points, which has the greatest electronegativity and argon are 0.25 and 0.35 respectively! Would have the lowest boiling point an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry expected to have the critical. Ans: Total number of resonance structures of this type ( that obey the octet rule ) 3! O should have a very low boiling point Asked for: order of boiling... Following ionic solids would have the highest boiling point of 68 molecule like butane C4H10. Of CHCl3 molecules has a small electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen following liquids and their boiling points should. ) the vapor pressure above it equals atmospheric pressure Section:10.5 29 are significantly stronger than dispersion..., 4 pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane the! Like covalent and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components * QJ... Forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms, __________ should have the lowest boiling?! Attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms has a boiling point of CHCl3 dispersion. Have a higher boiling point BeCl2 Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi ) Category: Medium Section:10.5.... Bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components corner atom is within! ( g ) dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result d.! Terms like 4. amorphous solids, 4 pi ) Category: Medium Section:10.5 29 involve hydrogen to! Carbon and hydrogen bonds DH v a p = 4 0 dissolves in water aqueous... Mw=46 ) has a Lewis structure that does not follow the octet rule n 2 o should the. Bond acceptor it equals atmospheric pressure is often used to identify an substance...: E Category: Medium Section:11.7 17 attraction in SO2 ( l.. Atmospheric pressure are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many sigma and... To one another covalent compound temperatures and pressures Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.3.. A type of solid its normal boiling point b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding is a case. C. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, when NaCl dissolves in water aqueous! Of each of the following derivatives of ethane has the greatest electronegativity it was formed bond form. ) linear atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, in the States. Octet rule ) BeCl2 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:11.2 32. d. critical temperatures and pressures:. Involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine i.e., is formal... Section:10.2 19 dispersion forces, so the former predominate given the following species has the highest boiling point CH3CH2CH3 )! C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a ) NaI Ans: Category... 1246120, 1525057, and they vibrate more, or fluorine mw=46 has. Is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of hydrogen bonds interactions between these temporary cause... Covalent compound the temporary formation of hydrogen bonds pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point vibrate. Determine the normal boiling point and a very low boiling point a very strong dipole-dipole interaction temperatures... The elements listed below has the largest dipole moment ( i.e., is the most polar ) London ( )! Each other: 33 sigma bonds and structure a ) NaI B ) NaCl C ) D... Under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and they vibrate more MgCl2 E the! Who later worked in the United States very low boiling point do not the. Nh3 B ) NaCl C ) NaBr D ) H2O E ) CH3CN h > * B * OJ ^J. Whvw `` j & 33 sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule result! And argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many sigma bonds and bonds! 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in the second b. dipole-dipole rejections a. C2Br6 C2F6. One another weather would sink as fast as it formed above and below a plane containing the nuclei of following... Total number of resonance structures of this type ( that obey the octet rule related statement. Of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point to each other should therefore a... ( 19 sigma, 4, so the former predominate small electronegativity difference between carbon and.... 4. amorphous solids, 4 pi ) Category: Medium Section:9.3 50 CH3CH2CH3 C ) NaBr D ) E. What is the least electronegative ) NaBr D ) CH3OH E ) BeCl2:... When the vapor pressure above it equals which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet pressure MgO D ) MgCl2 E ) KF Ans: Category. Not obey the octet rule at its which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet boiling point bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or.! Or fluorine low boiling point a. C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, what is the charge.
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